Advocacy often requires influencing people with formal power — executives, politicians, funders, gatekeepers. These engagements require both preparation and flexibility.

Preparation: research their priorities, constraints, and past positions; know who else influences them; anticipate their concerns and objections; bring specific proposals, not just problems.

Engagement: respect their time; start with what you share, not what divides you; listen as much as you speak; follow up with clear next steps; be persistent but not pushy.

Remember that decision-makers are human. Build relationships before you need them. Express appreciation when they do the right thing — positive reinforcement is a powerful advocacy tool.